This media monitor is also tackling about the occult, given the Halloween 'specials' that TV shows prepare and broadcast.
This is the link to the video of a segment of ABS-CBN's morning show Umagang Kay Ganda, featuring horror stories, in line with Halloween. http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/video/lifestyle/10/28/14/engkantong-itim-nanliligaw-umano-sa-isang-dalaga
The video is about a lady who was allegedly courted by a 'maligno.' Of course, the only source of the story is the lady herself and no one else. Even if the segment is not considered as news, it is still in violation of the KBP's Broadcast Code, particularly Article 13, which deals with Superstitions and the Occult. This is a violation that ABS-CBN and other stations grossly violate during this time of the year. The treatment of the lady's story is as if her narrative is ultimately true, albeit the lack of any corroborative statements from those who know or live with her. Furthermore, the segment was, in a way, promoting belief in the spirits and occult by trying to explain the phenomenon by getting the 'expert opinion' of a pastor, and not even a member of the medical profession, or even of the academe to explain such and provide credible insights to avoid falling into the impression that spirits and such creatures exist.
Mark My Words
Tuesday, 28 October 2014
Monday, 20 October 2014
Here Comes Undas: ABS-CBN's Umagang Kay Ganda delivered a news story about a street of ghosts in Pangasinan
Link to the report: http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/video/nation/regions/10/13/14/kalsada-ng-multo-sa-pangasinan
It's that time of the year again when news organizations try to become entertaining by featuring news stories about the occult and superstitions. Magandang Gabi, Bayan has been off the airwaves for a long time now, but it seems like its Halloween special 'tradition' has transcended Noli de Castro's program, to the point that it looked like ABS-CBN's policy to broadcast news items about the occult, as if it were totally true.
In this case, ABS-CBN, through its morning show Umagang Kay Ganda, featured a street allegedly infested by ghosts that even show up on broad daylight, just like the criminal elements in the metro. The report featured the interviews of the residents who either live or are usual passersby.
The said report is in direct violation of KBP Code of Ethics for the Broadcast Media, specifically Article 13, Superstition and the Occult. The program is not totally devoted for superstitions and occult, but the way the story was presented, it was as if the infestation and existence of the ghosts is ultimately true. Furthermore, the said report is also in violation of Article 1 of the same code, given that the report is about unconfirmed reports of ghost sightings, and that it is not something that should concern the whole nation and that it seemed like there was no attempt to verify, through interviewing persons like scientists, who greatly study the composition of this world. Meanwhile, under the PPI Expanded Code of Ethics, this report greatly violated the rule that news should be fair, accurate, and balanced. The report was not balanced because it only featured the residents who are amenable to the idea that ghosts live in the said street and no scientific expert to either prove or debunk the 'phenomenon' was interviewed.
It's that time of the year again when news organizations try to become entertaining by featuring news stories about the occult and superstitions. Magandang Gabi, Bayan has been off the airwaves for a long time now, but it seems like its Halloween special 'tradition' has transcended Noli de Castro's program, to the point that it looked like ABS-CBN's policy to broadcast news items about the occult, as if it were totally true.
In this case, ABS-CBN, through its morning show Umagang Kay Ganda, featured a street allegedly infested by ghosts that even show up on broad daylight, just like the criminal elements in the metro. The report featured the interviews of the residents who either live or are usual passersby.
The said report is in direct violation of KBP Code of Ethics for the Broadcast Media, specifically Article 13, Superstition and the Occult. The program is not totally devoted for superstitions and occult, but the way the story was presented, it was as if the infestation and existence of the ghosts is ultimately true. Furthermore, the said report is also in violation of Article 1 of the same code, given that the report is about unconfirmed reports of ghost sightings, and that it is not something that should concern the whole nation and that it seemed like there was no attempt to verify, through interviewing persons like scientists, who greatly study the composition of this world. Meanwhile, under the PPI Expanded Code of Ethics, this report greatly violated the rule that news should be fair, accurate, and balanced. The report was not balanced because it only featured the residents who are amenable to the idea that ghosts live in the said street and no scientific expert to either prove or debunk the 'phenomenon' was interviewed.
Tuesday, 16 September 2014
Top Gear Philippines Receives Anonymously Sent Revealing Photos of Suspects in Enzo Pastor Case
Link to the article: http://www.topgear.com.ph/news/racing-news/mystery-source-sends-us-revealing-pics-of-suspects-in-enzo-pastor-case?ref=cxsearch
Last week, I chanced upon an article published in the website of auto magazine Top Gear Philippines about the Enzo Pastor case. They allegedly received revealing photos of two suspects in the murder case of the famous racer. They have revealed such information but chose to not publish the said photos since the 'source' did not send them the 'actual' files of the images. They avoided to try the suspects through the media and minimized harm by trying to 'validate' the images from the anonymous source, who, as of posting, has not replied to their query.
Even though they are an auto magazine, Top Gear PH exercised due diligence by refusing to publish the photos and initiate a trial by publicity and tarnishing reputations of people who are still deemed as suspects.
Last week, I chanced upon an article published in the website of auto magazine Top Gear Philippines about the Enzo Pastor case. They allegedly received revealing photos of two suspects in the murder case of the famous racer. They have revealed such information but chose to not publish the said photos since the 'source' did not send them the 'actual' files of the images. They avoided to try the suspects through the media and minimized harm by trying to 'validate' the images from the anonymous source, who, as of posting, has not replied to their query.
Even though they are an auto magazine, Top Gear PH exercised due diligence by refusing to publish the photos and initiate a trial by publicity and tarnishing reputations of people who are still deemed as suspects.
Tuesday, 2 September 2014
ABS-CBN's Noli de Castro slammed anew by BS Aquino
I read on an article in GMA News Online portal (http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/376930/news/nation/pnoy-takes-swipe-at-noli-de-castro-in-ex-vp-s-turf) that President Benigno Aquino III criticized former Vice President Noli de Castro anew in a speech he delivered in the latter's home province of Oriental Mindoro, for his barrage of criticisms in his weekday morning radio program of the BS Aquino administration.
De Castro's recent political stint continues to haunt him up to this day, four years after he got out of office. His political stint is his major blockade from being a credible news anchor and commentator. He has direct conflict of interest with this current administration and even the succeeding administrations. Hence, he should not be engaged in news anchoring and commentary. He could still be in the broadcast industry, but hosting shows that are news-feature/magazine type, in order to prevent, or even just lessen, the conflict of interest he is parading to everyone. And even if how many years pass, his conflict of interest as a former top official of the land will never be erased from our history.
And lastly, I would like to credit ABS-CBN News for being fair and unbiased by reporting in its primetime newscast TV Patrol, which de Castro anchors, the said incident in Oriental Mindoro. I think it was reporter Jorge Carino who delivered the story. However, the news report did not indicate that de Castro is one of the network's anchors and the same report is not published in their online news portal, abs-cbnnews.com.
Sunday, 28 July 2013
On the things that seemed right but we were quite wrong
Painful experiences from the past usually keep us from enjoying the things that we once enjoyed back then. There's always this negative tag that we consciously (or not) associate with these experiences that give us the fear to move on and try again the things that once made us happy and feel alive.
Yes, it is sad to know that fear hinders you from doing the things that can make you feel happy again, the things that once mattered or brought joy into your life, and the things that assured you that your humanity is intact and functional. And it's even sadder when you are aware that you can overcome this fear and be happy again. But then again, it is not that easy to forget the pain brought about by the things, events and circumstances that seemed right but we were quite wrong.
People who have experienced heartbreaks may positively think that at least, as the saying goes, "It's better to have loved and lost than to have never loved/been loved at all." Up to some extent, it is a concedeable fact that love is something that no human being would not like to feel, not unless you're already six feet under. No one wants to be NOT loved. No one wants NOT to love someone else. Love is human nature. But this human nature does not exist on a vacuum or a controlled environment. It occurs in an environment wherein ones actions can alter one person's beliefs, feelings, strengths and even fears.
Love without pain is not love. That's why even if some things in the past seemed right but turned out to be the opposite, never let them hinder you from loving again. Learn from the pain, become a better person and you'll find peace in loving again by then.
Yes, it is sad to know that fear hinders you from doing the things that can make you feel happy again, the things that once mattered or brought joy into your life, and the things that assured you that your humanity is intact and functional. And it's even sadder when you are aware that you can overcome this fear and be happy again. But then again, it is not that easy to forget the pain brought about by the things, events and circumstances that seemed right but we were quite wrong.
People who have experienced heartbreaks may positively think that at least, as the saying goes, "It's better to have loved and lost than to have never loved/been loved at all." Up to some extent, it is a concedeable fact that love is something that no human being would not like to feel, not unless you're already six feet under. No one wants to be NOT loved. No one wants NOT to love someone else. Love is human nature. But this human nature does not exist on a vacuum or a controlled environment. It occurs in an environment wherein ones actions can alter one person's beliefs, feelings, strengths and even fears.
Love without pain is not love. That's why even if some things in the past seemed right but turned out to be the opposite, never let them hinder you from loving again. Learn from the pain, become a better person and you'll find peace in loving again by then.
A principle can be crafted so you can get past the pain and it can be simplified into 3 Bs: Bounce Back Better.
Labels:
pain love
Tuesday, 2 October 2012
Aquino Domination and the Media: Role of Journalism in the “Victory” of Noynoy Aquino vs. ex-President Gloria Arroyo in the ‘10 Elections
![]() |
| (Source: www.aboutmyrecovery,com) |
Noynoy, the Presidential Candidate
![]() |
| Photo By: Jonathan C. Tribiana (http://www.lightstalkers.org) |
After Cory Aquino’s burial, Mar
Roxas, who was also the LP president, announced his withdrawal from the
presidential race to give way to Noynoy. During this time, Aquino was still in
the process of discernment and asked for various consultations and advices
regarding calls for him to run as President of the Republic. Eventually, Noynoy
accepted the call for him to run for the presidency and tapped Roxas to be his
running mate, with his clean and non-corrupt image and the “Cory Magic” as his
political capital.
Months after announcing his
presidential bid and filing his certificate of candidacy, Noynoy Aquino banked
on his parents’ legacy, particularly the Cory Magic. Cory Magic has no definite
description. One news report in August 2009 described it as drawing “multitudes
who showered her (Cory Aquino) with cheers, confetti and even tears in a huge
outpouring of love and gratitude for the woman who led them in their fight to
win back their freedom.1” True enough, Noynoy was able to muster
this ‘Cory magic’ as he started his campaign to Malacanang. During the announcement
of Aquino’s bid at the historic Club Filipino, Cory loyalists and supporters
flocked the venue as if it was February 25, 1986 minus Cory and other EDSA
Revolt personalities. But as the official campaign period started in February
2010, one problem arose from the initial campaign strategy of Aquino: Cory
magic’s sustainability. If banking on this alone (without any media backup,
i.e. news reports/coverage) would have been his strategy, his survey ratings in
2010 would have steadily dropped and could have caused him the presidency. Even
members of the LP, back in 2010, “acknowledged… that the so-called ‘Cory Magic”
that catapulted Aquino as the favorite to win the presidential race may already
be wearing off.2” As a result, the LP campaign team came up with
another strategy that required media attention in order to pull off the
advocacy-cum-campaign strategy – the tagline “Kung walang corrupt, walang
mahirap.”
Anti-corruption stance: advocacy or strategy?
![]() | |||||
| Aquino during a televised presidential 'debate' in DLSU-Taft. (Screen grab from ANC/abs-cbnnews.com). |
So now, as a result of Aquino’s need to keep his lead in the surveys against then presidential candidate Manny Villar, the LP team strengthened their anti-corruption stance (which did not seem to be their primary advocacy/strategy at first) to clean up the Aquino-Roxas campaign and came up with “Kung walang corrupt, walang mahirap.” It is true, up to some extent, that corruption causes poverty in this nation. But it’s sad that media framed it in favor of Aquino, who merely saw this view, at first, as a way to further his campaign after his mother’s magic became unsustainable.
Since then, journalists have
focused on to this great and noble advocacy pushed by Noynoy and his party.
During campaigns, he would refer to the horrors of the very corrupt Arroyo
years and contrasted himself from Arroyo and other candidates. By other
candidates, that refers to Senator Manny Villar, whom the Aquino camp accused
of allegedly being the secret candidate of Mrs. Arroyo and to whom the
orange-colored ‘CORRUPT’ in his slogan was alluded to.
![]() |
| (http://beta.taopo.org/isyu/11/11/2011/puro-corrupt-puro-mahirap) |
Villaroyo and the C-5 scandal
Manny Villar was Noynoy’s closest
rival during the early days of the campaign period. Both candidates were
topping (or at times, tied) in various surveys conducted by Social Weather
Stations (SWS) and PulseAsia. His numbers in the surveys started to dwindle
after the Aquino camp alleged that he is Arroyo’s ‘secret candidate’ and not administration
standard bearer Gibo Teodoro and for alleged corruption issues regarding the
C-5 Extension project. Although it was Jamby Madrigal who first exposed the C-5
issue in the Senate, the Aquino camp highlighted the issue in order to create a
huge contrast between Noynoy and Villar. Villar’s camp denied the allegation of
Villaroyo and even boasted that Villar “opened the
investigation on various cases against the president, like the NBN-ZTE
Broadband deal... His actions alone, prove that he is very independent and he
does not tolerate all the shenanigans of the Arroyo administration.3”
News organizations picked up the
issue and became the headline of every primetime newscast, editorial and banner
story of broadsheets and tabloids. The issue was all over. The media attention
was all on Villar. But he was put in bad light. The media attention on him and
his vast fortune and his alleged influence on the said road project benefited
Noynoy Aquino alone. It was a political stunt that the media portrayed to be
for the nation’s interest. Why was it a political stunt that the media had
wrongly bitten? It’s because after Noynoy assumed the presidency, he did not
pursue investigations about their allegations of Villar’s corruption/conflict
of interest in the C-5 project. Up to now, there’s no clear answer on what was
Villar’s participation and assuming that it was true, how much did he pocket.
It was this aspect of the campaign
where we can see how media reacted to certain issues and where they stood. Some
may have just thought that it is the right of the people to know about these ‘issues.’
But there are some who were like members of the media bureau of the Aquino
campaign. The latter was heavily alluded by some observers to ABS-CBN.
The ABS-CBN connection
![]() |
| (Source: ABS-CBN's Wikipedia page) |
Media and elections:
True colors show up
The best time to test the media institutions’ objectivity and
fairness is during election period. It is during this time when the mileage
provided by journalists towards a person or a certain issue is important and
critical. That mileage can be used either to inform the people of what they
deserve to know or to subjectively influence their mindsets to favor or contradict
a personality or an idea. Journalists in the Philippines should always be
reminded of the great power that they carry. With their words, they can make or
break a person and even the future of a nation. The 2010 elections may have
shown us what colors our journalists/media institutions have, but I still
believe that it can still change. The media can still be color-less. It can
still be transparent. And its bias is not for any politician/group, but solely
for their audience, the Filipino people.
Note: This article was written/published in this blog in fulfillment of course requirements in Journalism 101 class at the College of Mass Communication, UP Diliman.
References:
1 Yap, D., Lopez,
A., Andrade, J., Alave, K. (2009, August 4). Cory Aquino magic is back.
Philippine Daily Inquirer. http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/nation/view/
20090804218648/Cory-Aquino-magic-is-back
20090804218648/Cory-Aquino-magic-is-back
2 Fonbuena, C. (2010, Feb. 5). ‘Cory
magic’ wearing off on Noynoy? ABS-CBN
News.
http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/nation/02/03/10/cory-magic-wearing-noynoy
3 Lardizabal-Dado, N. (2010, March
28). Villarroyo,
black propaganda and negativehttp://www.abs-cbnnews.com/nation/02/03/10/cory-magic-wearing-noynoy
campaigning. http://www.thepoc.net/commentaries/5384-villarroyo-black-propaganda
-and-negative-campaigning.html
4 Sanchez, R. (2010, July 1). Maria Ressa: ‘We are not an Aquino station’. Manila Bulletin.
http://www.mb.com.ph/node/264654/maria-re
5 Sanchez, R. (2010, July 1). Maria Ressa: ‘We are not an Aquino station’. Manila Bulletin.
http://www.mb.com.ph/node/264654/maria-re
Saturday, 29 September 2012
PH Journalism: The Impeachment Watchdog/Attack Dog (Role of Journalism in the Impeachment of CJ Renato Corona)
Two weeks before Christmas 2011, allies of President Benigno
Aquino III in the House of Representatives impeached Supreme Court Chief
Justice Renato C. Corona for alleged betrayal of public trust and culpable
violation of the Constitution, anchored on 8 different grounds. Days before the
speedy impeachment of 188 congressmen, President Aquino already gave somewhat a
forewarning to the former Chief Justice when Aquino lambasted Corona during a
Criminal Justice Summit, which was attended by hundreds of judges and lawyers
who treats the Supreme Court and the Chief Justice with the highest regards, being the
repository of the judicial system and law profession in the country. Come
January 2012, the whole nation awaited the first impeachment trial of a sitting
SC Chief Justice. As all of these things happened, where was PH journalism
standing and how did it handle it?
As everything unfolded: from the filing of impeachment complaint
to the former CJ’s removal from office, journalism played a big role in keeping
the public informed and interested to what some observers call as “Coronavela”
(contraction of Corona and ‘telenovela’) and acting like members of the sloppy
Prosecution Team led by Iloilo Rep. Niel Tupas (who, unfortunately, is a
product of UP CSSP and College of Law).
Journalism outfits in the Philippines took both the traditional and new
media to deliver pertinent news regarding the historic impeachment, how key
political and social players react, and interpret the legalese into a more
conversational and less formal language that Juan and Juana dela Cruz
understands.
Live coverage and the
legalese
![]() |
Senator-judges vote on a pending motion. Standing on the left, in white,
is former SC justice and lead counsel Serafin Cuevas. (Photo by Alex Nueva España, Senate Pool/abs-cbnnews.com) |
Huge TV networks (Channels 2, 5 and 7) together with their
counterpart radio stations, newspaper and new media outfits (i.e Inquirer,
Star, Rappler, etc.) provided the public an extensive coverage of the Senate
impeachment court’s proceedings. For broadcast outfits, they provided live,
uninterrupted coverage on television and radio of the impeachment trial. While
for newspapers and new media like Rappler, they provided live coverage through
live blogs and live streaming of the proceedings in the Senate. These media
institutions also provided analyses of the day-to-day proceedings of the court,
the highy-technical legal language that Senate President Enrile uses,
especially when discoursing with the lead Defense counsel and former Supreme
Court Justice Serafin Cuevas. TV and radio coverages incorporated the analyses
of the proceedings and its implications to the fate of Corona before, in
between recesses, and after the proceedings. ABS-CBN and TV5 had their
respective ‘resident legal analyst’ that pretty much provided ‘translation’ of
the proceedings and its legal terms that sounded Greek to the ordinary Filipino
household following the trial, like what subpoena duces tecum is and how it differs with subpoena ad testificandum. With the extensive
coverage and the attempt of journalists to simplify the complicated trial, the
position of being a Chief Justice and the process of impeachment as the best
means of unseating a President/impeachable official gained relevance to the
ordinary Pinoy who rarely gives time about these things unless it’s election
period. But, that’s just one part of the story. On the other hand, PH media
somewhat seemed to be reporting ‘very critically’ against Corona, to the effect
that as if all media outfits were mouthpieces of the Malacanang’s
Communications Team and the House Prosecution Team.
Objective, fair reportage?
Journalism outfits (whether traditional or new media) may deny this but many people, including myself, believed that up to some extent, PH media has been biased and unfair against ex-Chief Justice Corona. Netizens and bloggers took note and offense from the purported bias of online journalism outfit Rappler and broadsheet Philippine Daily Inquirer. One blogger even wrote:
While we do not begrudge them of their right to take editorial positions, methinks both Rappler and the Inquirer should be more fair. It is quite obvious to the readers that they are supportive of the Corona impeachment, whatever their motives may be.1
Most of the news reports, whether in print or broadcast
media, treaded a very thin line of objective news and its opposite. I can fully
understand how hard it is to remain objective and balanced in terms of
reporting news, especially when you are reporting about an issue/s intertwined
to your own beliefs, ideologies and advocacies. But as journalists, they should
keep in mind the power that they have. They have the power to influence the
mindset of their audience and shape the society’s views and judgments about
certain aspects. One wrong information or even framing of information, it would
be catastrophic to the society. That’s why a netizen/blogger said that the
trial imposed a stiff requirement to journalists that warned it from making
hasty conclusions, otherwise,
they could be wiling or unwilling agents provocateurs, in the sense that they
are directly or indirectly fanning unnecessary and uncalled for premature
public perceptions.2 In this case, impeaching a high official based on correctable
inaccuracies in his Statement of Assets, Liabilities and Net Worth (SALN)
should have been weighed properly and this could be done primarily with the
help of balanced, objective and
well-explained delivery of the news.
Some even went to the extent of looking like members of the
Prosecution Panel coming up with possible links and evidences that would
strengthen the case against Corona, like the undeclared Basa-Guidote money and
the family dispute between the ex-CJ’s wife Cristina and her estranged cousins
from the Basa clan over the family business. But such actions by some
journalists were tried to be justified by one veteran journalist:
According to Chay Hofileña, Director of “citizen journalism” for “social news network” site Rappler.com journalists are “neither lawyers nor judges” and are, from the depths of their DNA she claims, hardwired to “look for patterns, inconsistencies and lies, and to point those out”. This, it seems, forms the kernel around which she launches into a mini tome on her view of how the role of the media in society in general is to “connect the dots”.3
But Ms. Hofilena’s statement that
journalists aren’t lawyers nor judges is somehow contradicted by her subsequent
words that “attribute to “journalists” what are really things that judges and
lawyers do do as part of a system that governs just that (impeachment)”4
If we’re to follow this line of logic coming from someone who was drawn to journalism because it allowed
her to write about stories that had the potential to make a difference5
and actually taught Media Ethics, then maybe media outfits should start
recruiting lawyers to become journalists because they have the professional training
in ‘connecting the dots’ in various political and social issues.
Selective watchdog function
In the process of watching and criticizing the unpreparedness
of the prosecution and the hasty crafting of the Articles of Impeachment, some
journalists come out with news reports of other issues and possible evidences
against Corona that the public prosecutors (the congressmen) may have
overlooked or were unable to look for. Through those reports that tend to pin
down Corona on other charges and the absence of media reports about the
administration’s claims that Corona was “a stumbling block to the prosecution
of former President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo,”6 the public was
deprived of the right to further know and analyze the main reason why P-Noy was
hell bent on removing Corona. How did this deprivation happen? Well, it’s
because most journalists’ chose to undertake a selective ‘watchdog function’ and
only focused on Corona and his responses to the allegations against him, while
simply assuming that the Aquino administration’s main contention against
Corona, as previously mentioned above, is actually true and supported by
concrete facts. As a result, most journalists covering and reporting the Corona
impeachment trial became, up to some extent, ‘attack dogs’ by Malacanang.
I believe that inasmuch as the media having the watchdog
function, especially in these controversial matters, there should ALWAYS be
room for fairness and objectivity for the parties involved, especially in the
news. This fairness should not only be manifested through interviewing both
sides, but also by publishing or delivering news reports that does not slant or
favor a particular party to the case. Also, the media being a watchdog should
not be selective and targetive. It should be a watchdog whether towards the
opposition or administration.
But putting aside the purported bias of major journalism
outfits, PH journalism has done the public a great service for informing the
public about the intricacies of an impeachment, the importance of a Chief
Justice, and highlighting the need for the citizenry to be a participative and
vigilant one.
Note: This article was written/published in this blog in fulfillment of course requirements in Journalism 101 class at the College of Mass Communication, UP Diliman.
References:
1 Cruz, Tonyo. (2012, Jan. 20). Opinion: Rappler, Inquirer coverage lets Aquino off the hook.
http://asiancorrespondent.com/74234/rappler-inquirer-coverage-letting-aquino-off-the-hook/
2 Flores, Megan. (2012, Jan. 28). Corona Impeachment Trial: media's hasty conclusions
http://www.thepoc.net/poc-presents/blog-watch/360-impeachment-watch/14674-corona-impeachment-trial-medias-hasty-conclusions.html
3 Cruz, Tonyo. (2012, Jan. 20). Opinion: Rappler, Inquirer coverage lets Aquino off the hook.
http://asiancorrespondent.com/74234/rappler-inquirer-coverage-letting-aquino-off-the-hook/
4 Cruz, Tonyo. (2012, Jan. 20). Opinion: Rappler, Inquirer coverage lets Aquino off the hook.
http://asiancorrespondent.com/74234/rappler-inquirer-coverage-letting-aquino-off-the-hook/
5 Rappler.com. (2012, Jan. 1). Chay F. Hofileña. http://www.rappler.com/staff-profiles/2516-
chay-f- hofile%C3%B1a
6 Cruz, Tonyo. (2012, Jan. 20). Opinion: Rappler, Inquirer coverage lets Aquino off the hook.
http://asiancorrespondent.com/74234/rappler-inquirer-coverage-letting-aquino-off-the-hook/
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